Unit 5: Programming & Modern Tech
Chapter 27: Encryption & Authentication
Hinglish Explanation: Encryption data ko unreadable form me convert karta hai. Digital signature document/message ki authenticity aur integrity verify karne me help karta hai.
- Symmetric encryption: uses one shared key for encryption/decryption.
- Asymmetric cryptography: uses public/private key pairs.
- Hashing: produces a fixed-size digest and is designed to be one-way.
- MFA: uses more than one authentication factor.
Chapter 28: Algorithms & Flowcharts
English Definition: An algorithm is a finite sequence of logical steps for solving a problem; a flowchart represents those steps graphically.
Decision Flowchart Example
| Symbol | Meaning |
|---|---|
| Oval | Start/End |
| Rectangle | Process |
| Diamond | Decision |
| Parallelogram | Input/Output |
Chapter 29: Programming Fundamentals
- Variable: stores a value/reference.
- Data types: describe kinds of values.
- Conditional statements: choose paths (e.g.,
if marks >= 40). - Loops: repeat instructions (e.g.,
for / while). - Function: groups reusable logic.
- Bug: Program error.
Chapter 30: AI, ML & Generative AI
English Definition: AI is the broad field of building systems that perform tasks associated with human intelligence; ML learns patterns from data.
- Supervised learning: uses labeled data.
- Unsupervised learning: finds patterns without target labels.
- Generative AI: can produce text, images, audio or code.
- Prompt: is an instruction/input given to a generative model.
Chapter 31: Cyber Hygiene & Safe Computing
Hinglish Explanation: Daily safe habits cyber attacks ka risk kaafi reduce kar sakte hain.
- Use unique strong passwords and a password manager.
- Enable MFA (Stops many account takeover attempts).
- Keep OS/apps/browser updated (Patch vulnerabilities).
- Back up important data (Recovery).
- Verify URLs and senders before clicking (Avoid phishing).
📝 SSC Practice MCQs (Unit 5)
SSC CGL
Q1. Which flowchart symbol represents a decision?
Answer: C. Diamond
Solution: The diamond shape in a flowchart represents a decision point (e.g., Yes/No, True/False).
Solution: The diamond shape in a flowchart represents a decision point (e.g., Yes/No, True/False).
SSC CHSL
Q2. Which is a primary key property?
Answer: A. Can identify a record uniquely
Solution: A primary key is a field in a database table that uniquely identifies each row/record.
Solution: A primary key is a field in a database table that uniquely identifies each row/record.
SSC CPO
Q3. Which type of learning uses labeled data?
Answer: B. Supervised learning
Solution: Supervised learning requires labeled data to train the model, whereas unsupervised learning looks for patterns in unlabeled data.
Solution: Supervised learning requires labeled data to train the model, whereas unsupervised learning looks for patterns in unlabeled data.