Unit 4: Rules 61–80 (Tenses, Conditionals & Conjunctions)
Rule 61: Present Perfect
English Rule: has/have + V3.
Hinglish: Past action with present relevance/experience.
Example: He has finished.
Rule 62: Present Perfect Continuous
English Rule: has/have been + V-ing.
Hinglish: Past se ab tak continuing action.
Example: She has been studying for two hours.
Rule 63: Past Simple
English Rule: V2; questions/negatives use did + V1.
Hinglish: Completed past.
Example: Did he go?
Rule 64: Past Continuous
English Rule: was/were + V-ing.
Hinglish: Past me action in progress.
Example: They were playing.
Rule 65: Past Perfect
English Rule: had + V3 for earlier past action.
Hinglish: Do past actions me pehle wala.
Example: He had left before I arrived.
Rule 66: Future Simple
English Rule: will + V1.
Hinglish: Future.
Example: I will help.
Rule 67: First Conditional
English Rule: If + present simple, will + V1.
Hinglish: Real possible future.
Example: If it rains, we will stay home.
Rule 68: Second Conditional
English Rule: If + past simple, would + V1.
Hinglish: Unreal/hypothetical present/future.
Example: If I were rich, I would travel.
Rule 69: Third Conditional
English Rule: If + past perfect, would have + V3.
Hinglish: Unreal past/regret.
Example: If he had studied, he would have passed.
Rule 70: Unless
English Rule: Unless = if not; avoid unnecessary double negative.
Hinglish: 'Unless' ko 'if not' ki tarah samjho.
Example: Unless you study, you will not pass.
Rule 71: No sooner
English Rule: No sooner...than.
Hinglish: Fixed pair + often inversion.
Example: No sooner had he arrived than it rained.
Rule 72: Hardly/Scarcely
English Rule: Hardly/scarcely...when.
Hinglish: Fixed pair.
Example: Hardly had I reached when the bell rang.
Rule 73: As soon as
English Rule: Time clause normally uses present for future meaning.
Hinglish: 'As soon as' he arrives, I will call.
Example: Not 'usually will' after 'as soon as'.
Rule 74: Although/Though
English Rule: Do not normally pair although with but.
Hinglish: Although...but ek hi contrast ke liye avoid karo.
Example: Although poor, he is honest.
Rule 75: Because/So
English Rule: Do not normally use because and so together for the same relation.
Hinglish: Because cause; so result.
Example: Because he was ill, he stayed home.
Rule 76: Despite / In spite of
English Rule: Follow with noun/pronoun/gerund; full clause needs 'fact that'.
Hinglish: Despite ke baad directly full clause nahi.
Example: Despite being tired, he worked.
Despite 'of' is a trap! It's either "Despite" or "In spite of".
Rule 77: Despite the fact that
English Rule: This structure can take a full clause.
Hinglish: Full clause allowed.
Example: Despite the fact that he was tired, he worked.
Rule 78: Comparative degree
English Rule: Comparative is normally used for two entities.
Hinglish: Two ke liye comparative.
Example: Ram is taller than Shyam.
Rule 79: Double comparative
English Rule: Do not use more with -er comparative.
Hinglish: 'More better' wrong.
Example: better, not 'more better'.
Rule 80: Superlative
English Rule: Superlative commonly uses 'the' in definite comparison.
Hinglish: The tallest, the best.
Example: He is the tallest boy.